Cube puzzle solver

ABSTRACT

A cube puzzle solver includes: a position sensing element; at least one user interface (UI) output; and a controller that receives position information from the position sensing element, determines a suggested move, and directs the at least one UI output to provide an indication associated with the suggested move. An automated method of determining a position of a cube puzzle solver includes: monitoring a set of sense pins; identifying rotation based on a change in state of at least one sense pin; identifying a face associated with the identified rotation; and updating a state of the cube puzzle solver based on the identified face and the identified rotation. A cube puzzle system includes: a cube puzzle device including: a wireless communication interface; and a user device communicatively coupled to the cube puzzle solver over the wireless communication interface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Stage entry of Patent Application serialnumber PCT/US2017/063114, filed on Nov. 22, 2017. Patent Applicationserial number PCT/US2017/063114 claims priority to the U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/426,169, filed on Nov. 23, 2016.

BACKGROUND

Many people may enjoy attempting to solve various puzzles. Inparticular, cube-type puzzles are a particular category.

Many users of such puzzles may not be able to solve the puzzles or maydesire to learn additional moves or strategies. Current teaching toolsdo not allow for a user to receive feedback at the puzzle itself

In addition, many users may want to compete with others or share resultsacross social media. Current puzzles are not able to communicate withuser devices such as smartphones, and thus lack the capability to allowusers to easily interact.

Thus there is a need for a cube puzzle solver that is able to indicatesteps toward a solution and interact with various user devices.

SUMMARY

Some embodiments provide a cube puzzle solver device. Such a device mayhave six sides, each side having a number of sub-elements (e.g., ninesub-elements, sixteen sub-elements, etc.). Each side may be able to berotated about an axis such that the orientation of the sub-elements ischanged relative to other sides of the cube (e.g., by rotating a faceclockwise by ninety degrees, one hundred eighty degrees, two hundredseventy degrees, etc.). In addition to changing the orientation of theface of the sub-elements associated with the rotated face, othersub-elements may be moved so as to be associated with a different side.For instance, corner sub-elements of the cube may be associated withthree faces of the cube where movement of a particular face may causeone or more faces of each sub-element to be associated with a differentside.

A cube puzzle may have square sides and square sub-elements. Differentembodiments may utilize various appropriate shapes and arrangements(e.g., spheres, circles, triangles, pyramids, etc.) but will be referredto as “cube puzzles” throughout the specification. The cube puzzle maybe in a “solved” state when the sub-elements of each side all match.Such matching may include, for instance, matching colors, graphicalindicators (e.g., shapes, icons, letters, numbers, etc.), textures, etc.In some embodiments a user may be able to define a target state that isdifferent than the default solved state. For instance, a user mayarrange the sub-elements in a particular pattern (with or withoutdirections from the solver) and then may set that state as the desiredtarget, starting, or solution state.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the specificattributes of the cube puzzle may vary among different embodimentsdepending upon various relevant parameters (e.g., shape of the puzzle,number of faces, number of sub-elements, etc.).

The cube puzzle solver device may include various position sensingelements. Such elements may be able to identify rotation of each face ofthe puzzle. The position sensing elements may include relative andabsolute position sensing.

The cube puzzle solver device may utilize the position sensing elementsto determine (and/or update) a current state of the puzzle. The currentstate may be utilized to generate a solution to achieve target state.The solution may be presented to a user via various UI elements of thedevice (e.g., arrows indicating a rotation direction for each face).Such solution steps may be presented when a user requests instruction.Some embodiments may automatically determine when a solution has beenachieved by comparing a current state of the device to the target state.

Some embodiments may allow communication with external user devices(e.g., smartphones, tablets, etc.). Such user devices may execute anapplication of some embodiments that is able to provide instructions tousers, receive a state of the puzzle, share results across variousplatforms, and/or perform other appropriate tasks.

The preceding Summary is intended to serve as a brief introduction tovarious features of some exemplary embodiments. Other embodiments may beimplemented in other specific forms without departing from the scope ofthe disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The exemplary features of the disclosure are set forth in the appendedclaims. However, for purpose of explanation, several embodiments areillustrated in the following drawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a cube puzzle solversystem according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a front elevation view of the cube puzzle solver ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the cube puzzle solver of FIG.1 and a companion application;

FIG. 4 illustrates a front elevation view of a position sensing elementused by the cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 illustrates a front elevation view of a complementary positionsensing element used by the cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 illustrates a timing diagram of outputs produced by the positionsensing elements of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 over a ninety degree rotation;

FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of interface circuitry forsensing the outputs of multiple position sensing elements;

FIG. 8 illustrates a timing diagram of outputs and control signals usedto manipulate the interface circuitry of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 illustrates a front elevation view of an alternative positionsensing element used by the cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 illustrates a front section view of the alternative positionsensing element of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 illustrates a timing diagram of outputs produced by the positionsensing element of FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 over a full rotation;

FIG. 12 illustrates a side elevation view of another alternativeposition sensing element used by the cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 illustrates a front elevation view of a moving portion of thealternative position sensing element of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 illustrates a front elevation view of a static portion of thealternative position sensing element of FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 illustrates a timing diagram of outputs produced by the positionsensing element of FIG. 12 over a full rotation;

FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of interface circuitry used bythe cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1 to sense switch positions of positionsensing elements;

FIG. 17 illustrates a truth table describing the operation of theinterface circuitry of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic diagram of circuitry used by the cubepuzzle solver of FIG. 1 to generate user interface (UI) outputs;

FIG. 19 illustrates a truth table showing the signals used to generatethe various UI outputs using the circuitry of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic diagram of alternative circuitry used bythe cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1 to generate UI outputs;

FIG. 21 illustrates a schematic diagram of control circuitry used by thecube puzzle solver of FIG. 1 to generate UI outputs using thealternative circuitry of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process that evaluatesa cube puzzle and generates user interface outputs;

FIG. 23 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process that detects achange in state of the cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1;

FIG. 24 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process that generatesa solution for the cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1 and providesinstructions via the UI elements of some embodiments;

FIG. 25 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process that evaluatesperformance of a user in manipulating the cube puzzle solver of FIG. 1;and

FIG. 26 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an exemplary computersystem used to implement some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description describes currently contemplatedmodes of carrying out exemplary embodiments. The description is not tobe taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose ofillustrating the general principles of some embodiments, as the scope ofthe disclosure is best defined by the appended claims.

Various features are described below that can each be used independentlyof one another or in combination with other features. Broadly, someembodiments generally provide a cube puzzle solver.

A first exemplary embodiment provides a cube puzzle solver comprising:at least one position sensing element; at least one UI output; and acontroller that receives position information from the at least oneposition sensing element, determines a suggested move, and directs theat least one UI output to provide an indication associated with thesuggested move.

A second exemplary embodiment provides an automated method ofdetermining a position of a cube puzzle solver, the method comprising:monitoring a set of sense pins; identifying rotation based on a changein state of at least one sense pin in the set of sense pins; identifyinga face of the cube puzzle solver associated with the identifiedrotation; and updating a state of the cube puzzle solver based on theidentified face and the identified rotation.

A third exemplary embodiment provides a cube puzzle system comprising: acube puzzle device comprising: a set of position sensing elements ableto detect rotation of each face of the cube puzzle device; and awireless communication interface; and a user device communicativelycoupled to the cube puzzle solver over the wireless communicationinterface, the user device comprising: at least one UI element that isable to provide step-by-step instructions to solve the cube puzzledevice.

Several more detailed embodiments are described in the sections below.Section I provides a description of a hardware architecture of someembodiments. Section II then describes methods of operations used bysome embodiments. Lastly, Section III describes a computer system whichimplements some of the embodiments.

I. Hardware Architecture

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a cube puzzle solversystem 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown, the systemmay include a cube puzzle solver 110, a user device 120, and a server130. The cube puzzle solver 110 may include a battery 140, a set ofpanel modules 145 each panel module including a position sensor 150, UIoutputs 155, and UI inputs 160, a power control 165, a controller 170, aUI controller 175, a position sensor 180, and a communication interface185.

The cube puzzle solver 110 may include various electronic circuitryand/or devices. The cube puzzle solver may be embedded into the cubepuzzle such that the size and shape of the cube puzzle are the same asfor a cube puzzle that does not included the embedded solver andassociated features.

The user device 120 may be a device such as a smartphone, laptop,tablet, wearable device, etc. that is able to communicate across one ormore appropriate interfaces.

The server 130 may be a computing device that is able to executeinstructions, process data, and communicate across one or moreappropriate interfaces.

The battery 140 may be a single use or rechargeable battery that is ableto provide power to the various components of the cube puzzle solver110.

The panel module 145 may include various sub-elements, examples of whichare described below. Each face of a cube puzzle may be associated with adifferent panel module. In some embodiments, some components may beshared across multiple panel modules. In addition, the panel modules mayutilize various shared buses or other communication pathways within thesolver 110.

The position sensor 150 may include various components that are able todetect a position and/or movement of a face associated with the panelmodule 145. Some embodiments may include sensors that provide powersavings as the sensors are only engaged and drawing current when thecube is rotating and power may be reduced when the cube is in any fixedposition.

Different embodiments may include various different position sensors 150and/or combinations of sensors (e.g., accelerometers, encoders, etc.).Some embodiments may include multiple position sensors associated witheach panel or face. For instance, some embodiments may include threeaccelerometer sensors in each face sub-element such that a threedimensional orientation may be determined. In some embodiments, theposition sensors may not be able to determine absolute position but maybe able to monitor changes to position (e.g., face rotations of at leastforty-five degrees). In such cases, the cube state may need to be resetor otherwise provided (e.g., by downloading from a user device) if thecurrent state is unknown (e.g., due to power loss).

The UI outputs 155 may include various indicators such as light emittingdiodes (LEDs), haptic feedback elements (e.g., vibrating elements),audible outputs such as speakers, etc. One exemplary embodiment thatincludes two LED indicators (related to clockwise and counterclockwisemovement) on each face is described in further detail below. The UIoutputs may provide feedback to a user such that the user is able tosolve the puzzle (or move to a state that is closer to a solution). Suchfeedback may include, for instance, lighted indication of a next move(e.g., a “best” move), indication of multiple possible moves, etc.

The UI inputs 160 may include elements such as buttons, touch screens,etc. One exemplary embodiment includes a pushbutton associated with eachface as described in further detail below. Some embodiments may utilizethe position sensors 150 as UI inputs 160. For instance, an inputcommand may be associated with a full three hundred sixty degreerotation of a face. Such a command could be used to request a hint,power off the solver 110, etc.

The power control 165 may be able to provide charging power to thebattery 140, distribute power from the battery to the other elements ofthe solver, and/or otherwise manage power reception, consumption, and/ordistribution. Some embodiments may utilize magnetic chargers (and/orother wireless charging solutions). Alternatively, some embodiments mayinclude a wired connector (e.g., a USB port) that allows a wiredcharging connection.

The controller 170 may receive data from and/or send commands to thevarious other components of the solver 110. The controller 170 may beassociated with a memory (not shown) that is able to store instructionsand/or data. The controller may execute algorithms, applications, etc.that are able to generate at least one solution based on a current stateof the cube puzzle. Such a solution may include a series of moves, abest move, a next move, etc.

The UI controller 175 may interact with the controller 170, the UIoutputs 155, and the UI inputs 160. The UI controller 175 may identifyreceived inputs, such as button pushes, and send appropriate informationto the controller 170. Likewise, the UI controller 175 may receiveinformation from the controller 170 and generate appropriate commandsfor the UI outputs 155 such that feedback is provided to a user. Anexample UI controller 175 is described in more detail below.

The position sensor 180 may include various position sensing elements(e.g., accelerometers) that may be utilized to determine a relativeposition of the cube puzzle itself and/or sub-elements thereof. Theposition sensors 180 may include an inertial navigation unit (INU) thatis able to sense three-dimensional acceleration, three-dimensionalgyroscopic position, and/or three-dimensional magnetometer position, toidentify (and/or quantify) three-dimensional movement and/or orientationof the puzzle solver 110.

For instance, the position sensor 180 may be used to determine whichface(s) is/are visible to a user, and thus which UI outputs 155 shouldbe used if multiple potential next moves are available, or to provide anindication on a visible face (e.g., by flashing multiple LED indicatorsat once) to indicate that the user should manipulate the position of thecube puzzle in order to identify the next move.

The communication interface 185 may be able to communicate with one ormore user devices 120, servers 130, etc. Such an interface 185 may beable to communicate using various wireless (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi,cellular, etc.) and/or wired (e.g., USB) communication pathways. Suchcommunication pathways may include direct communication channels betweendevices, indirect pathways that may utilize various other devices (e.g.,routers, hotspots, etc.), network pathways, etc.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that system 100 may beimplemented in various specific ways without departing from the scope ofthe disclosure. For instance, some embodiments may function asstand-along devices and may omit the communication interface 185. Asanother example, some embodiments may not utilize position sensors 180that are not associated with a panel or face. In addition, someembodiments may include additional elements not described above. Asstill another example, some embodiments may include physicalmanipulation elements such as actuators, motors, etc. that may allow thepuzzle solver 110 to manipulate the puzzle itself (e.g., by moving eachface until the puzzle is solved). Some embodiments may includeadditional sensors, controllers, etc. Furthermore, the various elementsmay be arranged in various different ways and/or include variousdifferent communication pathways than shown.

FIG. 2 illustrates a front elevation view of the cube puzzle solver 110.As shown, in this example, the puzzle solver 110 has six faces 200, eachface including nine sub-elements 210.

In this example, the center sub-element 210 includes two UI elements 220that indicate clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation. The UI elementsmay be formed using cutouts in the element face which may then beilluminated by LEDs. Different embodiments may include various differentUI elements. For instance, some embodiments may space multiple LEDsalong a circle and the LEDs may be lit in sequence to indicate rotationdirection. Such solutions may include various diffusers or otherelements that may make the “movement” of the LEDs appear morecontinuous.

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the cube puzzle solver 110 anda companion application. In this example, the cube puzzle solver 110 isassociated with an app running on a user device 120. The user device mayinclude a UI display 310. In this example, the display shows athree-dimensional representation of the puzzle solver 320 and variousother UI elements 330 (e.g., buttons, text or graphics, etc.). In thisexample, the representation 320 matches the state of the physical puzzle110. Different embodiments may display various different representations320 (e.g., current state, target state, state after hint, etc.). Inaddition, the representation may include animation or other graphicelements that may indicate movement such that a hint (or otherinformation) may be provided to a user.

The application may be used to provide instructions or hints to a user.In addition, such an app may be used to monitor the puzzle solver statusand identify when a solution has been achieved. Users may be able toshare results across social media or organize live competitions usingthe app. In some embodiments, the app may provide instructions toachieve a particular starting position so that all contestants may becompeting from the same starting point.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the capabilities ofthe puzzle solver 110 (e.g., wireless communication, UI elements, etc.)may allow many different interactive games and/or other entertainingapplications to be applied to use of such puzzles.

In some embodiments, the puzzle solver 110 may not include any UIelements. Instead, the solver may communicated with a user device 120 toreceive user inputs, provide instructions, etc.

FIG. 4 illustrates a front elevation view of a position sensing element400 used by the cube puzzle solver 110. As shown, the element 400 may bea circular member with a through-hole that allows the element to rotateabout an axis. One such element may be included for each face of thecube puzzle solver. The element may include non-conducting regions 410and conducting regions 420. The conducting regions 420 may include metalor other appropriate materials, while the non-conducting regions 410 mayinclude plastic or other insulators. In this example, the regions arespaced at forty-five degree intervals. Different embodiments may utilizedifferent spacings.

FIG. 5 illustrates a front elevation view of a complementary positionsensing element 500 used by the cube puzzle solver 110. The element 500may be a stationary element with a through hole that allows mountingabout the same axis as the rotating element 400. As shown, element 500may include non-conducting regions 510 and conducting regions 520. Inthis example, the conducting regions 520 are coupled to variousconnectors (or “pins”) 530 that allow for supply connection,communication of outputs, etc.

The conducting regions 520 associated with pins P0 and P1 are spaced atforty-five degrees apart, with the ground region in the center of thetwo. Pin GND may be connected to a ground supply, while pins P0 and P1may be connected to a voltage supply through pull-up resistors. In someembodiments, the conducting regions 520 associated with pins P0 and P1may be spaced less than the width of region 420 such that the positionsensing signals are non-overlapping (i.e., only one signal changes at aparticular angle of rotation).

FIG. 6 illustrates a timing diagram 600 of outputs 610-620 produced bythe position sensing elements 400 and 500 over a ninety degree rotation.As shown, when an output pin (P0 or P1) and the GND pin are connectedvia a conducting region 420, the output associated with the output pinis brought to a logic low state.

The resulting gray code output signals 610-620 may be analyzed todetermine rotation angle and direction. Typically, faces will be rotatedin ninety degree increments. As such, rotations may be applied after twocomplete pulses as shown (between zero and ninety degrees in thisexample). In this configuration, when the faces are in typical ninetydegree positions (within plus and minus twenty-two and one halfdegrees), no current (aside from leakage) is drawn through the pull-upresistors connected to pins P0 and P1. Thus, the position sensors may beconfigured, such as in this example, to use a minimum amount of power insuch “square” states (i.e., rotation of zero, ninety, one hundredeighty, and two hundred seventy degrees) by ensuring that the pins arein an open circuit state. In this example, relative position is able tobe detected (and absolute position may be stored using state machines orother appropriate elements).

FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of interface circuitry 700 forsensing the outputs of multiple position sensing elements. As shown, thecircuitry may include output connections 710, multiple switch pairs 720,and input connections 730. As shown in exploded view 740, switches 750may be controlled by the outputs P0 and P1 described above (where theswitches may be closed if either signal is logic low in this example).

FIG. 8 illustrates a timing diagram 800 of outputs and control signalsused to manipulate the interface circuitry 700. In this example, asingle instantiation of the interface circuitry is able to detectrotation on all six faces of the cube puzzle solver 110.

As shown, initially all face control signals (F0-F5) may be set to logiclow, while both sense pins (SEN0 and SEN1) are logic high, indicatingall switches 750 are open. As a face is rotated past twenty-two and onehalf degrees, one of the sense signals goes low 810. In response, theface control signals may be cycled as shown, where one is brought lowwhile the rest are set to a high impedance state 820. In this way, eachface can be evaluated separately after rotation has been detected. Inthis example, the sense pin does not go low again until control signalF5 is brought low 830, indicating that the rotation is associated withthat face.

In this example, all control signals are set to high impedance 840before resuming detection by bringing all control signals low 850.Alternatively, all control signals may be brought low after the face isidentified. Finally, the sense pin associated with the rotation eventgoes high 860, indicating the end of the event (of course, the othersense pin may go low at about the same time if the face is being rotatedpast forty-five degrees). Such events may be monitored such thatcomplete ninety degree rotations are identified, as well as detection ofrotation direction.

In the examples above and below, many signals are shown without timingdelays or gaps between edged. One of ordinary skill in the art willrecognize that actual implementations may include slight offsets (e.g.,by including conducting regions 420 slightly less than forty-fivedegrees in the example above), such that signal edges do not overlap.

FIG. 9 illustrates a front elevation view of an alternative positionsensing element 900 used by the cube puzzle solver 110. As shown, thiselement 900 may include a rotating shaft 910, a faceplate 920, multiplecontacting pins 930, multiple conducting regions 940, various UIindicators 950, and a pushbutton input 960. The shaft 910 may rotateabout axis 970.

The contacting pins 930 may carry signals between the sensing element900 and other components. In this example, the pushbutton 960 isassociated with output B0, while the UI indicators 950 (e.g., indicatorssuch as indicators 220 described above) are controlled by inputs L1 andL2.

In some embodiments, the pushbuttons 960 may all provide the samefunctionality (e.g., each may be used to power on the device, request ahint, change solving algorithm, etc.). The pushbutton may be able toidentify different types of inputs (e.g., tap, multi-tap, tap and hold,etc.). In some embodiments, the pushbuttons may be associated withdifferent functions. Some embodiments may not include a pushbutton oneach face (or may omit the pushbutton altogether). In some embodiments,one or more pushbuttons may be replaced by a different element (e.g., acharging connector).

FIG. 10 illustrates a front section view of the alternativecomplementary position sensing element 900. In addition to the pinsdescribed above, this example includes output pins P0 and P1. In thisexample, all of the conducting regions 940 go completely around theshaft 910 except for the leftmost “sensing” region 940. As shown, thesensing region may include conducting regions 1010 and non-conductingregions 1020. The non-conducting regions may span forty-five degreeswhile the conducting regions span one hundred thirty-five degrees. Theoutput pins P0 and P1 are spaced at forty-five degrees about the GNDpin.

FIG. 11 illustrates a timing diagram 1100 of outputs 1110-1120 producedby the position sensing element 900 over a full rotation. As above, theoutput pins P0 and P1 may be coupled to a voltage supply through pull-upresistors. In this example, the sensing element 900 may be able todetect absolute rotary position over one hundred eighty degree intervalsin forty-five degree increments.

FIG. 12 illustrates a side elevation view of another alternativeposition sensing element 1200 used by the cube puzzle solver 110. Thisexample includes a rotating portion 1210 and a static portion 1220 thatincludes multiple spring-loaded contact pins 1230.

FIG. 13 illustrates a front elevation view of the moving portion 1210 ofthe alternative position sensing element 1200. As shown, the movingportion 12010 may include various non-conducting regions, and conductingregions 1320-1330. In some embodiments, the conducting regions may allbe connected to a ground supply, while the pins 1230 may be coupled to avoltage supply through pull-up resistors.

FIG. 14 illustrates a front elevation view of the static portion 1220 ofthe alternative position sensing element 1200. In this example, the SW1and SW2 outputs are spaced at thirty degrees, while the common terminalis at an angle of one hundred ninety-five degrees.

FIG. 15 illustrates a timing diagram of outputs produced by the positionsensing element 1200 over a full rotation. As shown, position may beable to be sensed in thirty degree increments.

FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of interface circuitry 1600 usedby the cube puzzle solver 110 to sense switch positions of positionsensing elements, such as those described above. As shown, the circuitry1600 may include a control pin 1610, a sense output 1620, a pair ofswitches 1630 under evaluation, a pair of associated diodes 1640, and aswitch 1650. In some embodiments, the switch may be implemented byreconfiguring digital input/output pins of a microcontroller device.

FIG. 17 illustrates a truth table 1700 describing the operation of theinterface circuitry 1600. Such an approach may be used to determine thestate of switches such as switches 750 described above.

FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic diagram of circuitry 1800 used by thecube puzzle solver 110 to generate UI outputs. Such UI outputs may besimilar to the UI elements 220 and 950 described above. Each individualLED may be lit up by driving pins L0-L4 to a logic low, high, or highimpedance state. In addition, the LEDs may be switched at a high enoughrate that more than one LED appears on at a time.

FIG. 19 illustrates a truth table 1900 showing the signals used togenerate the various UI outputs using the circuitry 1800. As shown, eachface F0-F5 may be associated with a pair of LEDs. Control lines L0-L4may be used to control the indicators for each face.

FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic diagram of alternative circuitry 2000used by the cube puzzle solver 110 to generate UI outputs. FIG. 21illustrates a schematic diagram of control circuitry 2100 used by thecube puzzle solver 110 to generate UI outputs using the alternativecircuitry 2000. As shown, three faces with six LEDs on each face may becontrolled by six signal lines.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that differentembodiments may be implemented in different specific ways withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure. For instance, someembodiments may include multiple types of sensing elements (e.g.,absolute and relative). In addition, some embodiments may includeaccelerometers or gyroscopes that may be able to determine the positionof the puzzle solve itself rather than the components thereof (e.g., toidentify which face of the puzzle is being viewed by a user). As anotherexample, different embodiments may include different numbers and typesof UI elements.

II. Methods of Operation

FIG. 22 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process 2200 thatevaluates a cube puzzle and generates user interface outputs. Such aprocess may be executed by a device such as the puzzle solver 110described above. The process may start, for instance, when a puzzlesolver of some embodiments is powered on, when a user requests a hint,and/or at other appropriate times.

As shown, the process may retrieve (at 2210) position data. Such datamay be retrieved by an element such as controller 170 from elements suchas position sensors 150 and/or position sensors 180. Such position datamay include a state of the puzzle, a change from a previous state, asensed movement, etc.

Next, the process may retrieve (at 220) any user input. User inputs mayinclude, for instance, button pushes, manipulation of the puzzle (e.g.,shaking the puzzle), manipulation of a puzzle face or other element,etc. In addition, user inputs may be received from an external device orelement (e.g., a smartphone) via a component such as communicationinterface 185.

In some cases, the position data and user input may be retrieved as asingle entity (e.g., when a user changes a face position, the change inface position may change the state of the cube and be interpreted as arequest for a next move). In other cases, the process may wait for auser input before proceeding. For instance, a user may change a faceposition (whether based on a previous hint or not) and no further actionmay be taken unless the user request a hint (e.g., by pushing a button)or some other appropriate criteria is met (e.g., elapsed time since lastmove exceeds a threshold value).

The process may then evaluate (at 230) the retrieved position dataand/or user input data. Such evaluation may include determining acurrent state of the puzzle, identifying a next move (or set ofpotential moves), identifying a best move, identifying non-productivemoves, etc. Some embodiments may utilize the previous state to determinethe current state of the puzzle. For instance, some embodiments mayinclude a microprocessor (and/or other appropriate processing devicesand associated memories) that is able to determine and store the stateof the puzzle.

Process 200 may then determine (at 240) whether any output criteria hasbeen met. Such output criteria may include, for instance, determiningwhether a hint request has been received. If the process determines (at240) that no output criteria have been met, the process may end.

If the process determines (at 240) that some output criteria have beenmet, the process may activate (at 250) the appropriate UI outputelements (e.g., by lighting a single rotation indicator) and then mayend. In cases where an external device is communicating with the solver,the process may send appropriate commands or messages to the externaldevice such that the external device provides appropriate UI output(e.g., by updating a display screen).

In addition, some embodiments may collect information and distribute thecollected information to various external resources (e.g., servers) suchthat information may be shared across social networks or otherappropriate venues. Such information may include, for example, stateinformation, solution times or other performance statistics, etc.

Furthermore, some embodiments may utilize one or more user devices toretrieve state information, position data, provide user outputs, and/orotherwise implement process 200. For instance, some embodiments mayallow a user to use a camera to capture a current state of the cubepuzzle. As another example, some embodiments may utilize a user devicescreen to provide a rendering of the puzzle and indicate a next move, aseries of moves, etc. as described above in reference to FIG. 3.

FIG. 23 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process 2300 thatdetects a change in state of the cube puzzle solver 110. Such a processmay be executed by a device such as the puzzle solver 110 describedabove. The process may start, for instance, when a puzzle solver of someembodiments is powered on or when motion is detected.

As shown, the process may monitor (at 2310) sense pins such as thosedescribed above in reference to sense outputs 710. Next, the process maydetermine (at 2320) whether rotation has been detected. Such adetermination may be made based on the received sense pins (e.g., wheneither sense pin goes low in the example above, a partial rotation isdetected). If the process determines (at 2320) that no rotation isdetected, the process may repeat operations 2310-2320 until the processdetermines (at 2320) that rotation has been detected.

If the process determines (at 2320) that rotation is detected, theprocess may scan (at 2330) the faces of the puzzle. Such scanning may beachieved in a similar manner to that described above in reference todiagram 800.

After identifying the face associated with the rotation, process 2300may continue to monitor that face while the process determines (at 2340)whether a full ninety degree rotation has been achieved. Depending onthe next signal edge detected on the sense pins, the rotation may becontinuing toward a full rotation (or have achieved a full rotation) ormay reverse back to the starting position (or may pause in anintermediary state).

If the process determines (at 2340) that a full turn has been executed,the process may update (at 2350) the puzzle state to reflect the changein position and then may end. If the process determines (at 2340) thatno full turn has been executed (either due to a partial turn or a returnto the original position), the process may end without updating thestate of the puzzle.

In some embodiments, a user may be able to store or “lock” a state suchthat the user can return to that state. In that way, a user may be ableto test various strategies or routines while being able to revert to aparticular state (e.g., a user may wish to save a state where two sidesare solved as the user attempts to solve a third side).

Process 2300 may be executed iteratively, as long as a puzzle is in use.The final state determined before a power down or timeout event may bestored such that the state may be retrieved the next time the puzzle ispowered on.

FIG. 24 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process 2400 thatgenerates a solution for the cube puzzle solver 110 and providesinstructions via the UI elements of some embodiments. Such a process maybe executed by a device such as the puzzle solver 110 described above.The process may start, for instance, when a puzzle solver of someembodiments is powered on, when a rotation is detected (i.e., when thestate is updated using a process such as process 2300), and/or at otherappropriate times.

As shown, process 2400 may retrieve (at 2410) the current puzzle state.Such a state may specify a position for every moveable sub-element ofeach puzzle face. Depending on the capabilities of the device, the statemay include a relative position of some sub-elements (e.g., indicatingwhich face is facing upward at a given time). The positions may indicatewhere on each face the sub-element is currently located, as well as theorientation of the sub-element, if applicable). For instance, cornerpieces may be associated with three faces and the position may indicateat which corner the piece is currently positioned, as well as the faceassociated with each indicator of the piece (e.g., the orientation ofcolors).

Next, the process may identify (at 2420) a solution. The solution may beidentified in various appropriate ways and based on various factors. Forinstance, a beginner may request a “solution” that achieves one completeside of a cube puzzle in the correct orientation. As another example, asolution may be a pattern (e.g., checkerboard) or position other thanthe standard solid color across each face solution. As another example,a solution may be a single optimal move. The solution may be based onvarious different algorithms (e.g., a “master” algorithm that solves ina minimum number of moves, a layer-by-layer algorithm, etc.).

The identified solution may be associated with a number of movementsnecessary to achieve the solution from the current state. Each movementmay be provided to the user as a “hint” or instruction. Such movementsmay be listed in various orders, depending on the algorithm employed.

The process may then determine (at 2430) whether a hint has beenrequested. Such a determination may be made based on various appropriatecriteria. For example, a user may push a button (or multi-tap, push andhold, etc.) to request a hint. As another example, a user may shake thepuzzle to request a hint. As still another example, some embodiments mayprovide a hint after a specified time has lapsed since a last move.

If the process determines (at 2430) that no hint has been requested, theprocess may end. If the process determines (at 2430) that a hint hasbeen requested, the process may provide (at 2440) the hint and then mayend. Such a hint may be provided using the UI indicators describedabove, or other appropriate ways.

FIG. 25 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary process 2500 thatevaluates performance of a user in manipulating the cube puzzle solver110. Such a process may be executed by a device such as the user device120 described above. The process may start, for instance, when a puzzlesolver of some embodiments is powered on, when a user launches an app ofsome embodiments, and/or at other appropriate times.

As shown, the process may establish (at 2510) a connection to the puzzledevice. Such a connection may be established using wired or wirelesscommunication channels. Next, the process may retrieve (at 2520) thecurrent state of the puzzle. The state may be retrieved from a localstorage, by evaluating absolute position of the puzzle faces, and/orother appropriate ways (e.g., a user may take a picture of each face andupload the pictures to the app for analysis).

The process may then determine (at 2530) whether there is a definedstarting state for the puzzle. Such a state may be associated with aparticular live event or contest, standing challenge, etc. In this way,users may be able to compete by solving puzzles from the same startingstate.

If the process determines (at 2530) that there is a defined startingstate, the process may identify (at 2540) a solution that will achievethe desired starting start based on the current state. Next, the processmay provide (at 2550) the solution and verify the starting state. Thesolution may be provided using step-by-step rotation instructions viathe UI elements of device 110 and/or via a device display.

After providing (at 2550) the solution and verifying the state or afterdetermining (at 2530) that there is no defined start state, the processmay start (at 2560) a timer. Such a timer may be associated withmultiple devices (e.g., during a live competition) or a single device(e.g., a user may compete against another user's result or a pastresult). Alternatively to using a time, some embodiments may count thenumber of moves or use other appropriate performance metrics.

Next, the process may determine (at 2570) whether the puzzle has beensolved. Such a determination may be made by comparing a current state ofthe puzzle to a solution state. Processes such as processes 2300 and2400 (or portions thereof) may be executed to determine whether thepuzzle has been solved.

The process may continue monitoring the puzzle state and comparing thestate to a solution state until the process determines (at 2570) thatthe puzzle has been solved. The process may then stop (at 2580) thetimer (or other metric counter) and provide the result (e.g., elapsedtime, number of moves, hints requested, etc.) and then may end.

The result may be stored and/or shared across other resources (e.g.,social media, user groups, etc.).

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that processes 2200-2500may be performed in various different ways without departing from thescope of the disclosure. For instance, some embodiments may includeadditional operations, omit listed operations, and/or perform theoperations in different orders than described. As another example, theprocess (and/or portions thereof) may be performed iteratively, based onreceived user input, and/or other appropriate criteria.

III. Computer System

Many of the processes and modules described above may be implemented assoftware processes that are specified as one or more sets ofinstructions recorded on a non-transitory storage medium. When theseinstructions are executed by one or more computational element(s) (e.g.,microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs),application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmablegate arrays (FPGAs), etc.) the instructions cause the computationalelement(s) to perform actions specified in the instructions.

In some embodiments, various processes and modules described above maybe implemented completely using electronic circuitry that may includevarious sets of devices or elements (e.g., sensors, logic gates, analogto digital converters, digital to analog converters, comparators, etc.).Such circuitry may be able to perform functions and/or features that maybe associated with various software elements described throughout.

FIG. 26 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an exemplary computersystem 2600 used to implement some embodiments. For example, the systemdescribed above in reference to FIG. 1 may be at least partiallyimplemented using computer system 2600. As another example, theprocesses described in reference to FIG. 22-FIG. 25 may be at leastpartially implemented using sets of instructions that are executed usingcomputer system 2600.

Computer system 2600 may be implemented using various appropriatedevices. For instance, the computer system may be implemented using oneor more personal computers (PCs), servers, mobile devices (e.g., asmartphone), tablet devices, and/or any other appropriate devices. Thevarious devices may work alone (e.g., the computer system may beimplemented as a single PC) or in conjunction (e.g., some components ofthe computer system may be provided by a mobile device while othercomponents are provided by a tablet device).

As shown, computer system 2600 may include at least one communicationbus 2605, one or more processors 2610, a system memory 2615, a read-onlymemory (ROM) 2620, permanent storage devices 2625, input devices 2630,output devices 2635, audio processors 2640, video processors 2645,various other components 2650, and one or more network interfaces 2655.

Bus 2605 represents all communication pathways among the elements ofcomputer system 2600. Such pathways may include wired, wireless,optical, and/or other appropriate communication pathways. For example,input devices 2630 and/or output devices 2635 may be coupled to thesystem 2600 using a wireless connection protocol or system.

The processor 2610 may, in order to execute the processes of someembodiments, retrieve instructions to execute and/or data to processfrom components such as system memory 2615, ROM 2620, and permanentstorage device 2625. Such instructions and data may be passed over bus2605.

System memory 2615 may be a volatile read-and-write memory, such as arandom access memory (RAM). The system memory may store some of theinstructions and data that the processor uses at runtime. The sets ofinstructions and/or data used to implement some embodiments may bestored in the system memory 2615, the permanent storage device 2625,and/or the read-only memory 2620. ROM 2620 may store static data andinstructions that may be used by processor 2610 and/or other elements ofthe computer system.

Permanent storage device 2625 may be a read-and-write memory device. Thepermanent storage device may be a non-volatile memory unit that storesinstructions and data even when computer system 2600 is off orunpowered. Computer system 2600 may use a removable storage deviceand/or a remote storage device as the permanent storage device.

Input devices 2630 may enable a user to communicate information to thecomputer system and/or manipulate various operations of the system. Theinput devices may include keyboards, cursor control devices, audio inputdevices and/or video input devices. Output devices 2635 may includeprinters, displays, audio devices, etc. Some or all of the input and/oroutput devices may be wirelessly or optically connected to the computersystem 2600.

Audio processor 2640 may process and/or generate audio data and/orinstructions. The audio processor may be able to receive audio data froman input device 2630 such as a microphone. The audio processor 2640 maybe able to provide audio data to output devices 2640 such as a set ofspeakers. The audio data may include digital information and/or analogsignals. The audio processor 2640 may be able to analyze and/orotherwise evaluate audio data (e.g., by determining qualities such assignal to noise ratio, dynamic range, etc.). In addition, the audioprocessor may perform various audio processing functions (e.g.,equalization, compression, etc.).

The video processor 2645 (or graphics processing unit) may processand/or generate video data and/or instructions. The video processor maybe able to receive video data from an input device 2630 such as acamera. The video processor 2645 may be able to provide video data to anoutput device 2640 such as a display. The video data may include digitalinformation and/or analog signals. The video processor 2645 may be ableto analyze and/or otherwise evaluate video data (e.g., by determiningqualities such as resolution, frame rate, etc.). In addition, the videoprocessor may perform various video processing functions (e.g., contrastadjustment or normalization, color adjustment, etc.). Furthermore, thevideo processor may be able to render graphic elements and/or video.

Other components 2650 may perform various other functions includingproviding storage, interfacing with external systems or components, etc.

Finally, as shown in FIG. 26, computer system 2600 may include one ormore network interfaces 2655 that are able to connect to one or morenetworks 2660. For example, computer system 2600 may be coupled to a webserver on the Internet such that a web browser executing on computersystem 2600 may interact with the web server as a user interacts with aninterface that operates in the web browser. Computer system 2600 may beable to access one or more remote storages 2670 and one or more externalcomponents 2675 through the network interface 2655 and network 2660. Thenetwork interface(s) 2655 may include one or more applicationprogramming interfaces (APIs) that may allow the computer system 2600 toaccess remote systems and/or storages and also may allow remote systemsand/or storages to access computer system 2600 (or elements thereof).

As used in this specification and any claims of this application, theterms “computer”, “server”, “processor”, and “memory” all refer toelectronic devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. Asused in this specification and any claims of this application, the term“non-transitory storage medium” is entirely restricted to tangible,physical objects that store information in a form that is readable byelectronic devices. These terms exclude any wireless or other ephemeralsignals.

It should be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art that any orall of the components of computer system 2600 may be used in conjunctionwith some embodiments. Moreover, one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate that many other system configurations may also be used inconjunction with some embodiments or components of some embodiments.

In addition, while the examples shown may illustrate many individualmodules as separate elements, one of ordinary skill in the art wouldrecognize that these modules may be combined into a single functionalblock or element. One of ordinary skill in the art would also recognizethat a single module may be divided into multiple modules.

The foregoing relates to illustrative details of exemplary embodimentsand modifications may be made without departing from the scope of thedisclosure as defined by the following claims.

We claim:
 1. A cube puzzle solver comprising: at least one positionsensing element; at least one user interface (UI) output; and acontroller that receives position information from the at least oneposition sensing element, determines a suggested move, and directs theat least one UI output to provide an indication associated with thesuggested move.
 2. The cube puzzle solver of claim 1, wherein the atleast one UI output comprises a clockwise indicator and acounterclockwise indicator associated with each face of the cube puzzlesolver.
 3. The cube puzzle solver of claim 1 further comprising acommunication interface that is able to communicate with a user device.4. The cube puzzle solver of claim 1, wherein the at least one positionsensing element comprises a relative position sensing element that isable to detect rotation of a face of the cube puzzle solver.
 5. The cubepuzzle solver of claim 5 further comprising a storage that is able tostore a current state of the cube puzzle solver.
 6. The cube puzzlesolver of claim 1, wherein the at least one position sensing elementincludes a moving portion and a static portion.
 7. The cube puzzlesolver of claim 6, wherein the moving portion comprises a circular discthat comprises conducting portions and non-conducting portions evenlyspaced at forty-five degree intervals, and wherein the static portioncomprises a circular disc that comprises conducting portions spaced attwenty-two and one half degree intervals.
 8. The cube puzzle solver ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one UI output comprises a plurality oflight emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged such that the plurality of LEDsmay be activated in a first sequence to indicate clockwise rotation anda second sequence to indicate counterclockwise rotation.
 9. An automatedmethod of determining a position of a cube puzzle solver, the methodcomprising: monitoring a set of sense pins; identifying rotation basedon a change in state of at least one sense pin in the set of sense pins;identifying a face of the cube puzzle solver associated with theidentified rotation; and updating a state of the cube puzzle solverbased on the identified face and the identified rotation.
 10. Theautomated method of claim 9, wherein the set of sense pins comprises twosense pins and a gray code associated with the outputs of the two sensepins is able to detect rotation in twenty-two and one half degreeincrements over each ninety degrees of rotation.
 11. The automatedmethod of claim 9, wherein the cube puzzle solver is in a low powerstate at square positions.
 12. The automated method of claim 9, whereinidentifying the face of the cube puzzle solver comprises: monitoring theset of sense pins; activating a particular face of the cube puzzle; anddetermining whether the particular face is associated with theidentified rotation.
 13. The automated method of claim 9, wherein eachface of the cube puzzle solver comprises a plurality of sub-elements andthe state of the cube puzzle solver comprises a position for eachsub-element.
 14. The automated method of claim 9, further comprisingidentifying a solution based on the state of the cube puzzle solver. 15.The automated method of claim 14 further comprising providing aninstruction based on the solution.
 16. The automated method of claim 15,wherein providing an instruction comprises activating a user interfaceelement associated with a particular face of the cube puzzle solver. 17.A cube puzzle system comprising: a cube puzzle device comprising: a setof position sensing elements able to detect rotation of each face of thecube puzzle device; and a wireless communication interface; and a userdevice communicatively coupled to the cube puzzle solver over thewireless communication interface, the user device comprising: at leastone user interface (UI) element that is able to provide step-by-stepinstructions to solve the cube puzzle device.
 18. The cube puzzle systemof claim 17, wherein the wireless communication interface comprises atleast one of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, optical, infrared, and ultrasonic. 19.The cube puzzle system of claim 17 further comprising a server that isable to communicate with the user device and the cube puzzle device. 20.The cube puzzle system of claim 19, wherein step-by-step instructionsare sent to the cube puzzle device over the wireless communicationinterface from at least one of the user device and the server.
 21. Thecube puzzle system of claim 17, wherein the step-by-step instructionsare provided via a three-dimensional rendering of the cube puzzledevice.
 22. The cube puzzle system of claim 17, wherein the cube puzzledevice further comprises a set of UI elements that are able to providethe step-by-step instructions.
 23. The cube puzzle system of claim 17,wherein the set of position sensing elements comprises a rotary sensingelement that provides a two bit gray code output able to indicatechanges in position of twenty-two and one half degree.
 24. The cubepuzzle system of claim 17, wherein a start time associated with a firststate and a finish time associated with a second state are provided tothe user device over the wireless interface.